LARGHA SEAL (PHOCA LARGHA) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PACIFIC SALMON RESOURCES IN THE MOUTH OF OZERNAYA RIVER (THE OKHOTSK SEA COAST OF KAMCHATKA) IN 2017–2018
https://doi.org/10.15853/2072-8212.2019.54.58-73
Abstract
The effects of largha seal in the estuary zone of the Ozernaya River was evaluated. Data on traumatizing of salmon by different predators were analyzed, consumption of salmon by largha seals in the estuary zone was evaluated. A review on the literature data is provided concerning the problem of protecting the catches from marine mammals; it is suggested to work out a method of protecting the catches from largha seal predation, appropriate for conditions in Russian Far Eastern seas.
About the Author
S. I. KornevRussian Federation
References
1. Bugaev V.F. Asian Sockeye Salmon – 2 (biological structure and abundance dynamics of local stocks in the late XX – early XXI century. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Kamchatpress, 2011, 380 p. (In Russian)
2. Bugaev V.F., Maslov A.V., Dubynin V.A. Sockeye Salmon of the Ozernaya River (Life History. Abundance. Utilization). Petropavlvosk-Kamchatsky: Kamchatpress, 2009, 156 p. (In Russian)
3. Burkanov V.N. Raspredeleniye i chislennost largi u beregov Kamchatki v avguste 1985 g. [Distribution and abundance of largha off the coast of Kamchatka in August 1985]. Research work on marine mammals in the North Pacific in 1984–1985. S. 24–37. Moscow, 1986, pp. 45–51.
4. Burkanov V.N. Modern state of marine mammals resources on Kamchatka. Rational use of Kamchatka shelf biore-sources. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 1988, pp. 138–176. (In Russian)
5. Burkanov V.N. Larga (Phoca largha) prikamchatskikh vod i eye vliyaniye na resursy lososey. Avtoreferat discertacii kandidata biologicheskih nauk [Larga (Phoca largha Rall.) in Kamchatka Waters and Its Influence on Salmon Resource. Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation]. Moscow, 1990, 26 p.
6. Zorbidi Z.K. Kizhuch aziatskikh stad [Silver salmon of Asian stocks]. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: KamchatNIRO, 2010, 302 p.
7. Kornev S.I. Spotted seak (Phoca largha) in the mouth Ozernaya River (South-Eastern Kamchatka) and its influence on the Pacific salmon stock in 2017. Conservation of biodevirsity of Kamchatka and coastal waters. Materials of XIX international scientific conference. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, November 14–15, 2018, pp. 227–232.
8. Kornev S.I., Nikulin V.S., Mamaev E.G., Belonovich O.A. General results of marine mammals research in 1960–2011. The researchers of the aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and of the north-west part of the Pacific Ocean, 2012. Vol. 25, pp. 219–240. (In Russian with English abstract)
9. Kuznetsov Y.A., Kazakov D.V. Analysis of catchability of fixed nets based on salmon kinematic or orientation behavior. The researchers of the aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and of the north-west part of the Pacific Ocean, 2016, vol. 43, pp. 55–71. (In Russian with English abstract)
10. Malakhov V.N., Razlivalov E.V. Sbornik materialov po promyslu morskikh mlekopitayushchikh. Collection of materials of marine mammal harvest. Magadan: Okhotskrybvod, 2003, 23 p.
11. On the Approval of Fishing Rules for the Far Eastern Fisheries Basin. Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia of 23.05.2019 No. 267. Available at: www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_326552/
12. Stus A.I. The results of a study of the Phoca vitulina stejnegeri (Phocidae) cage on the western coast of Kamchatka in 2001. The researchers of the aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and of the northwest part of the Pacific, 2002. Vol. 6, pp. 281–285. (In Russian)
13. Tiller I.V. Biologiya i dinamika chislennosti prokhodnoy mal’my Salvelinus Malma (Walbaum) Kamchatki [Biology and dynamics of the number of migratory malma Salvelinus Malma (Walbaum) Kamchatka]. Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky: KamchatNIRO, 2017, 96 p.
14. Trukhin A.M. Larga [Spotted Seal]. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2005, 246 p.
15. About environmental protection. Federal Law of 10.01.2002, No. 7 (Edited on 29.07.2018). Available at: www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_326552/
16. On Fishing and Preservation of Aquatic Biological. Federal Law of 20.12.2004, No. 166 (Edited on 06.03.2019). Available at: www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_50799/
17. About Animal World. Federal Law of 24.04.1995, No. 52 (Edited on 03.08.2018). Available at: www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_6542/ Chernook V.I., Grachev A.I., Vasiliev A.N., Trukhanova
18. I.S., Burkanov V.N., Solovyev B.A. Results of instrumental aerial survey of ice-associated seals on the ice in the Okhotsk Sea in May 2013. Izvestiya TINRO, 2014, vol. 179, pp. 158–176. (In Russian with English abstract)
19. Chugunkov D.I. Nablyudeniya za pyatnistym tyulenem utkinskogo lezhbishcha [Observations of the spotted seal of the Utkin rookery]. Izvestiya TINRO, 2014, Vol. 70, pp. 154–168. (In Russian)
20. Shevlyakov E.A., Zolotukhin S.F., Bugaev A.V., Vinnikov A.V., Shevlyakov V.A., Travin S.A. Opredelitel osnovnykh istochnikov travmirovaniya tikhookeanskikh lososei [Identification Keys of Major Sources of Traumatization of Pacific Salmons]. Moscow: VNIRO, 2006, 79 p.
21. Anderson S.S., Hawkins A.D. Scaring seals by sound. Mammal Review, 1978, 8 (1–2), 19–24.
22. Plastic killer whales aid fisherman. BBC News. 26 June 2001. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1408701.stm
23. Fedoseev G.A. Population biology of ice-associated forms of seals and their role in the Northern Pacific ecosystems. M.: Center for Russian Environmental Policy, 2000, UMK “Psikhologya”. 271 p.
24. Fjälling A., Wahlberg M., Westerberg H. Acoustic harassment devices reduce seal interaction in the Baltic salmon-trap, net fishery. CES Journal of Marine Science, 2006. 63, 1751–1758.
25. Forrest K.W., Cave J.D., Michielsen, C.G.J., Haulena M., Smith D.V. Evaluation of an Electric Gradient to Deter Seal Predation on Salmon Caught in Gill-Net Test Fisheries. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 2009, 29 (4), 885–894.
26. Jefferson T.A., Curry B.E. Acoustic methods of reducing or eliminating marine mammal – fishery interactions: do they work? Ocean Coast Manag., 1996, 31, 41–70.
27. Johnston D.W., Woodley T.H. A survey of acoustic harassment device (AHD) use in the Bay of Fundy, NB, Canada. Aquatic Mammals, 1998, 24 (1), 51–61.
28. Lehtonen E., Suuronen P. Mitigation of seal-induced damage in salmon and whitefish trapnet fisheries by modification of the fish bag. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 2004, 61 (7), 1195–1200.
29. Lewis J.A. Effects of Underwater Sound on Marine Fish and Mammals. Unpublished Report, 1990, 25 р.
30. Lunneryd S.-G., Fjälling A., Westerberg H. A largemesh salmon trap: a way to mitigate seal impact on a coastal fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2003, 60, 1194–1199.
31. Olesiuk P.F., Nichol L.M., Sowden M.J., Ford J.K.B. Effect of the sound generated by an acoustic harassment device on the relative abundance and distribution of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in retreat passage, British Columbia. Marine Mammal Science, 2002, 18 (4), 843–862.
32. Quick N.J., Middlemas S.J., Armstrong J.D. A survey of antipredator controls at marine salmon farms in Scotland. Aquaculture, 2004, 230 (1–4), 169–180.
33. Sand H., Westerberg H. Försök med begränsad jakt på gråsäl som metod att minska skador på fasta redskap. (Trials of a limited cull of grey seals as a means of decreasing damage to static fishing gear). 1998. Available at: www.fiskeriverket.se
34. Sepulveda M., Oliva D. Interactions between South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw) and salmon farms in Southern Chile. Aquaculture Research, 2005, 36 (11), 1062–1068.
35. Solovyeva M., Glazov D., Kuznetsova D., Rozhnov V., Boveng P., Burkanov V. New Data on the Use of Waters of the Okhotsk Sea and Pacific Ocean by Spotted Seal. Alaska Marine Science Symposium, 2019. January 28 –February 1, 2019, Anchorage, Alaska. Р. 343.
36. Suuronen P., Siira A., Kauppinen T., Riikonen R., Lehtonen E., Harjunpää H. Reduction of seal-induced catch and gear damage by modification of trap-net design: Design principles for a seal-safe trap-net. Fisheries Research, 2006. Vol. 79, issues 1–2. P. 129–138.
37. Westerberg H. Potential solutions to the Seals Fisheries Conflicts / Manuscript completed in October 2010.
38. Brussels, ©European Parliament, 2010. Swedish Board of Fisheries. 44 p. www.europarl.europa.eu/studies.
39. Westerberg H., Lunneryd S.-G., Fjälling A. Reconciling fisheries activities with the conservation of seals throughout the development of new fishing gear: a case study from the Baltic fishery–gray seal conflict. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 2006. P. 587–597.
40. Wright B., Jeffries S., Brown R., Stansell R., Hatch D., Norberg B. Field report – non-lethal pinniped deterrent activities at Bonneville dam, spring 2006. www.nwr.noaa.gov/Marine-Mammals/Seals-and-SeaLions/upload/Bonneville_Pinn_Rpt_06.pdf (accessed May 7, 2007).
41. Yurk H., Trites A.W. Experimental attempts to reduce predation by harbour seals on out-migrating juvenile salmonids.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2000, 129, 1360–1366.
Review
For citations:
Kornev S.I. LARGHA SEAL (PHOCA LARGHA) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PACIFIC SALMON RESOURCES IN THE MOUTH OF OZERNAYA RIVER (THE OKHOTSK SEA COAST OF KAMCHATKA) IN 2017–2018. The researches of the aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and the North-West Part of the Pacific Ocean. 2019;1(54):58-73. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15853/2072-8212.2019.54.58-73